Three Generations of Human Rights

First Generation (Civil and Political Rights)

These rights date back to the 18th Century.

They were designed to protect the individual against state interference.

• Right to vote
• Right to assemble

• Right to free speech
• Right to a fair trial
• Right to freedom from torture, abuse
• Right to protection of the law

Second Generation (Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)

They came up as a response to widespread poverty in the wake of industrial revolution in the 19th Century.

These rights entitle individuals to get protection from the state if third parties interfere with rights.

They oblige states to take measures to improve the overall social situation.

• Right to education
• Right to housing
• Right to health
• Right to employment
• Right to an adequate income
• Right to social security

Third Generation (Collective Rights)

They were first articulated in the second half of the 20th Century.

With the exception of the African Charter on Human and People's Rights, they have not been incorporated into human rights treaties yet.

• Right to economic development
• Right to prosperity
• Right to benefit from economic growth
• Right to social harmony
• Right to a healthy environment, clean air and water, etc.

Source: www.stockton.edu